AbstractHospital patient safety socialization is a routine part of nursing care. Although nurses’ knowledge of patient safety affectsnurses’ safety attitudes, such knowledge may not be optimal. This study exploredpotential factors determining nurses’safety attitudes in ahospital setting.This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The study population comprised 376 nurses who were recruited using the purposive sampling method. The instruments were valid and reliable. Thetest results were as follows: job satisfaction:0.356–0.575 (Cronbach’salpha:0.724); workload:0.338–0.613 (Cronbach alpha:0.736), job stress:0.542–0.719 (Cronbach’s alpha:0.756); head nurse’s management function:0.401–0.822 (Cronbach’s alpha:0.760); working conditions:0.488–0.670 (Cronbach’s alpha:0.767); and nurses’ safety attitudes:0.300–0.827 (Cronbach’s alpha:0.771).The datawere analyzed by bivariate and multivariate analyses, using structural equation modeling (SEM).Theresults revealed a relationship betweenthe following variables and nurses’ safety attitudes: age (p =0.001),work experience (p = 0.001),job satisfaction (p = 0.001),gender (p = 0.025),clinical nurses’ career path (p = 0.001),patient safety training (p = 0.032),workload (p = 0.001),work stress (p = 0.009),head nurse’s management function (p = 0.001), and working conditions (p = 0.001). Workload was the most influential factoraffecting nurses’ safety attitudes(original sample = -0.776). To improve nurses’ safety attitudes, hospitals need to pay attention to nurses’ job satisfaction, workload, work stress, and working conditions and optimize the head nurse’s management function to improve nurses’ safety attitudes.